Equipment inspection and maintenance is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of power equipment, and it has now moved towards intelligence. Intelligent power operation and maintenance relies on advanced technologies such as computer Internet and big data processing. It integrates power equipment condition detection technology and various online detection data, and constructs an intelligent operation and maintenance system for power equipment conditions based on a big data platform and with the Internet of Things as the link. Its management system can collect substation data in real time, and when there are abnormalities, it will promptly feedback and notify engineers to judge faults and guide operations. This business is widely applied in scenarios such as equipment, personnel, inspection, maintenance, fault, dynamic environment, security, and power control. It has significant advantages, including improving the utilization rate of production resources, realizing unmanned or minimally manned operation in distribution rooms based on energy efficiency big data; having a fault alarm function, predicting potential faults in advance through big data analysis; and using big data and Internet of Things technology to remotely, centrally, and real-timely monitor distribution rooms, saving labor costs and reducing the work pressure of operation and maintenance personnel.

Partial Discharge (PD) is one of the key factors causing insulation aging during the long-term operation of transformers. This article mainly introduces the definition, hazards, and detection methods of partial discharge, and explores the important applications of partial discharge detection in transformer maintenance and fault diagnosis.

This article focuses on the problem of transformer magnetic saturation. It first points out that magnetic saturation is a common problem during transformer operation. Then it elaborates on its principle, that is, the transformer is based on electromagnetic induction, and the magnetic flux density of the magnetic core changes with the alternating current power supply. Once it reaches a certain value, the magnetic core enters the magnetic saturation state. It then explains that magnetic saturation will bring about problems such as high harmonic currents causing power quality issues, equipment overheating shortening its lifespan, and misoperation of protection devices leading to dynamic instability. In response to these problems, the proposed solutions cover aspects such as selecting appropriate magnetic core materials, ensuring an appropriate turns ratio, reasonable load management, installing magnetic saturation suppressors, strengthening monitoring and protection, conducting regular maintenance and overhauls, and optimizing the design, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the transformer.

This article makes a comparative analysis of oil-immersed transformers and dry-type transformers. It expounds on the working principles of the two. The oil-immersed transformer relies on insulating oil for cooling and insulation, while the dry-type transformer uses natural air cooling or forced air cooling for heat dissipation. The advantages of the oil-immersed transformer are high heat capacity, high electrical strength, and low cost, while the disadvantages are easy leakage, regular maintenance required, and flammability. The dry-type transformer has the advantages of environmental friendliness, safety, and easy maintenance, but its disadvantages are weak heat dissipation, high cost, and high noise. The oil-immersed transformer is suitable for high-voltage and large-capacity scenarios, and the dry-type transformer is suitable for densely populated areas and places with high environmental protection requirements. In terms of performance, there are differences in heat dissipation, cost, safety, and environmental friendliness between the two. In terms of technological development, the oil-immersed transformer is researching and developing biodegradable insulating oil and optimizing the design, and the dry-type transformer is studying new heat dissipation materials and noise reduction technologies. In short, the two have different characteristics, and when making a choice, multiple factors need to be comprehensively considered, and attention should be paid to new technologies.

This power knowledge popularization focuses on the inspection of substation equipment, emphasizing its significance for equipment operation management. In addition to regular inspections, it details various situations where special inspections of transformers are required, such as within 72 hours after new equipment or renovated transformers are put into operation, in case of serious defects, overload, during high - temperature and peak - load periods, in the thunderstorm season (especially after thunderstorms), on windy days, on thunderstorm and foggy days, during holidays and special power - supply guarantee periods, etc. It also introduces the EDS MK3 General Transformer Performance On - line Monitoring, elaborating on its diagnostic functions including line current, temperature of the iron core and windings, moisture in the insulating oil, transformer life cycle, on - load tap changer, and cooling system diagnosis, which helps to better inspect the transformer.

This document elaborates in detail on the installation standards and operation procedures of distribution transformers. First, the formalities for work approval and acceptance of construction tasks need to be completed, with written approval from the competent department. Then, on-site investigation is carried out by the on-site construction leader and technicians. They record relevant information, determine hazard points and control measures, and formulate a construction plan. Before construction, a pre-shift meeting should be held. The work leader needs to conduct a technical disclosure, explaining the construction plan, process quality requirements, and precautions. Meanwhile, a safety disclosure is carried out, clarifying hazard points such as prevention of falling from heights, electric pole collapse and injury, falling objects from heights causing injury, and the transformer falling or collapsing and causing injury, as well as corresponding control measures. Finally, work tasks are assigned and personnel are divided.

This article provides a detailed introduction to the GTB dry-type test transformer. It covers aspects such as its characteristics in insulation structure layout, solutions to oil leakage problems, handling of the high-voltage output end, oil tank design, and the structure of the iron core and coils. It elaborates on the purpose of this transformer in outputting high AC and DC voltages for on-site detection of the insulation performance of various electrical equipment, lists its numerous alternative names, and gives detailed usage methods, including preparations before use, power connection, composition of the complete set of equipment, operations for DC tests, and precautions for cascade connection. It also emphasizes that it strictly follows relevant standards to ensure safety.

This article focuses on 15 fundamental issues of power transformers, covering key areas such as the grounding of the transformer core, gas protection, and the handling of cooler failures. It elaborates in detail on aspects like the conditions for parallel operation of transformers, the causes of abnormal noises, and the adjustment limitations of the tap changers of on-load tap changer devices. It also involves knowledge points such as methods to improve the efficiency of transformers and the influencing factors of transformer capacity. By answering these questions, it systematically sorts out the basic knowledge of the operation and maintenance of power transformers for readers.

The 3D laser scanning technology, with its non-contact high-speed measurement method, can efficiently obtain relevant data of the terrain and complex objects. After processing, it can construct 3D models and is also known as the real-scene replication technology.

The 3D laser scanning solution for substations consists of the following steps. It includes the analysis of measurement requirements, clarifying the scanning area, accuracy, and method according to the actual situation of the substation. During on-site measurement, attention should be paid to the selection, layout, and debugging of the scanning equipment. Data processing involves operations such as cleaning and registration to generate 3D models. Model verification ensures the accuracy and integrity of the data. Finally, the model is applied to various aspects of the operation and maintenance management of the substation.

It should be noted that this solution needs to be designed and adjusted in combination with factors such as the site conditions, safety requirements, and measurement accuracy, and professional technology and equipment are required to ensure the quality of the data.

Transformers are of great importance in the distribution network, and their operating conditions have a far-reaching impact. This article focuses on the daily maintenance of transformers, covering two major aspects.

The first is to strengthen daily inspections, maintenance, and regular testing. This includes checking the appearance for oil leakage, listening to the sound to identify faults, cleaning oil stains and dust, observing the oil color and temperature, measuring the insulation resistance, measuring and balancing the load, and regularly checking and replacing fuses.

The second is to prevent external damage, involving reasonable site selection, avoiding the installation of low-voltage metering boxes, prohibiting the unauthorized adjustment of tap changers, installing insulation covers, and regularly inspecting the lines and cutting branches along the line channels. All these measures aim to ensure the safe and stable operation of transformers.

Transformers play a crucial role in the power system, and their operating status is directly related to the stability of power supply. This content focuses on the maintenance and fault repair methods of transformers. Firstly, it introduces the basic principles, components, functions, and common classifications of transformers.

Then, it elaborates on the key points of maintenance: In terms of capacity, the normal operating load should preferably be 75 - 90% of the rated capacity. The temperature needs to be recorded regularly, and the three-phase load of distribution transformers should be paid attention to during the period of maximum load. For insulation monitoring, the insulation resistance of the coils should be measured after installation, maintenance, and long-term outages. In terms of the current range, the maximum unbalanced current on the low-voltage side should not exceed 25% of the rated value, and the change in the power supply voltage should be within ±5% of the rated value. If it exceeds this range, a tap changer should be used for adjustment. In the case of overload, it is allowed for a short time under special circumstances, but there are different limits for winter and summer.

Finally, it explains the fault repair. Common faults include short circuits, open circuits, and leakage, which are caused by design errors, poor manufacturing quality, and exceeding the designed operating conditions. The repair steps are to disassemble the iron core, heat it to melt the poured materials, and carefully remove the silicon steel sheets. Then, disassemble the coils, inspect the appearance and the faulty coil, record key data, deal with the fault, rewind it according to the original method, and conduct a comprehensive test. It can be put back into use only after passing the test.

The converter station is vital in DC transmission for AC - DC energy conversion. Besides common AC yard equipment, it has unique devices. The converter handles AC - DC conversion with growing unit capacity. The converter transformer, key for conversion, has valve - side windings under special stress, differing from ordinary ones. AC - DC filters direct converter - generated harmonics to ground, with AC filters also supplying reactive power, supplemented by special equipment when needed. The smoothing reactor protects valves from DC - side overvoltages, smoothes current ripples, and reduces commutation failure risk during DC short - circuits, ensuring stable operation.